Marginal vs. Effective Tax Rate

The rate on your next dollar versus the average rate on all your income.

What is Marginal vs. Effective Tax Rate?

Federal income tax is progressive: each bracket's rate applies only to income within that bracket. The marginal rate - the rate on the next dollar - is what matters for decisions like tax-equivalent yield or the value of a deduction. The effective rate is total tax divided by total income, and is always lower for someone above the first bracket.

Marginal vs. Effective Tax Rate: a worked example

A client in the 32% bracket may pay an effective rate near 20%; a $1,000 deduction still saves $320.

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