Employee Stock Options (ISO vs. NSO)

Incentive options get capital gains treatment; nonqualified options create income at exercise.

What is Employee Stock Options (ISO vs. NSO)?

Nonqualified stock options (NSOs): the spread at exercise is ordinary income; later gains are capital gains. Incentive stock options (ISOs): no regular income tax at grant or exercise (though the spread is an AMT preference item). If shares are held at least 2 years from grant and 1 year from exercise, all gain at sale is long-term capital gain.

Employee Stock Options (ISO vs. NSO): a worked example

Exercise at $20 when the stock is $50: an NSO creates $30 of ordinary income per share; an ISO creates none for regular tax, if the holding periods are met.

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